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Research

Published findings, in context.

Each finding is shown with the evidence level at which it was observed. A result in an animal model or in cell culture is not a result in humans.

Topic

All topicsTissue damage modelsExtracellular matrixCell signalingCerebral ischemia modelsDermal fibroblasts

Evidence level

All levelsIn vitroAnimalHuman, observationalHuman, controlledReview
More filters (study type, organism, year)

Study type

All typesIn vitro studyAnimal studyObservational (human)Controlled (human)Systematic reviewNarrative reviewCase report
Publication year

2 publications

Compounds filed under Tissue damage models · Systematic review

  • ReviewSystematic review

    Systematic review of 20 studies (18 preclinical, 2 randomized controlled trials) of GHK-Cu as a standalone intervention

    “The Regenerative Potential of GHK-Cu in Aesthetic Medicine.”

    Mokhtar J, Mohamed B, Haddad J, et al.Aesthetic Surgery Journal2026PMID 42619529 (opens PubMed in a new tab)DOI 10.1093/asj/sjag169 (opens the publisher record in a new tab)

    Filed under GHK-Cu

    Model
    Systematic review (PubMed, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception through March 2026, following PRISMA) of studies of GHK-Cu as a standalone intervention

    Twenty studies were included: 18 preclinical studies and 2 randomized controlled trials. The authors synthesize preclinical data on extracellular matrix synthesis (matrix proteins and glycosaminoglycans), metalloproteinase activity, cell proliferation, inflammatory markers and delivery systems. Their conclusions about the two human trials are not summarized in this profile, and not every included study is listed here.

  • ReviewSystematic review

    Systematic review of 36 studies (35 preclinical, 1 in humans): mechanism, musculoskeletal endpoints, biotransformation and safety

    “Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review.”

    Vasireddi N, Hahamyan H, Salata MJ et al.HSS Journal2025PMID 40756949 (opens PubMed in a new tab)DOI 10.1177/15563316251355551 (opens the publisher record in a new tab)

    Filed under BPC-157

    Model
    Systematic review (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase; through June 2024) of studies on mechanism, musculoskeletal outcomes, biotransformation and safety

    Of 544 records identified, 36 studies were included (35 preclinical and 1 in humans). The authors synthesize functional, structural and biomechanical measures from preclinical musculoskeletal models, together with GHR expression and inflammatory cytokine levels; the only study in humans was retrospective. No human safety data were found, and the evidence was graded as level IV and V.

For laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use or consumption. Not for diagnostic use. Not evaluated by the U.S. FDA.