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Research

Published findings, in context.

Each finding is shown with the evidence level at which it was observed. A result in an animal model or in cell culture is not a result in humans.

Topic

All topicsTissue damage modelsExtracellular matrixCell signalingCerebral ischemia modelsDermal fibroblasts

Evidence level

All levelsIn vitroAnimalHuman, observationalHuman, controlledReview
More filters (study type, organism, year)

Study type

All typesIn vitro studyAnimal studyObservational (human)Controlled (human)Systematic reviewNarrative reviewCase report
Publication year

5 publications

Compounds filed under Dermal fibroblasts · Animal

  • AnimalAnimal study· Mus musculus and RAW 264.7 macrophages

    Mouse experimental silicosis model and RAW 264.7 macrophages: lung histology, fibrosis, oxidative stress and PRDX6 binding

    Bian Y, Deng M, Liu J, et al.Redox Biology2024PMID 38879894 (opens PubMed in a new tab)Title on PubMedDOI 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103237 (opens the publisher record in a new tab)

    Filed under GHK-Cu

    Model
    Murine model of experimental silicosis induced by crystalline silica; in vitro experiments with the murine macrophage line RAW 264.7, used by the authors as an alveolar macrophage model
    Exposure
    GHK-Cu vs silica-only controls (mice and macrophage cultures)
    Comparator
    Silica-exposed animals without GHK-Cu

    In a murine model of experimental silicosis, pulmonary inflammatory changes and fibrosis were assessed with and without GHK-Cu; their direction is not summarized in this profile. Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) was identified as a protein bound by GHK-Cu, and the authors attributed the effects in part to inhibition of silica-induced oxidative stress in macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells, used as an alveolar macrophage model).

  • AnimalAnimal study· Mus musculus and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)

    Mouse scald burn model and HUVEC: liposome-encapsulated vs free GHK-Cu, vessel counts and proliferation markers

    Wang X, Liu B, Xu Q, et al.2017PMID 28370978 (opens PubMed in a new tab)Full record on PubMedDOI 10.1111/wrr.12520 (opens the publisher record in a new tab)

    Filed under GHK-Cu

    Model
    Murine scald burn model; in vitro experiments in HUVEC with nanoscale liposomes encapsulating GHK-Cu
    Exposure
    Liposome-encapsulated GHK-Cu vs free GHK-Cu (mice and HUVEC cultures)
    Comparator
    Free (non-encapsulated) GHK-Cu

    In HUVEC, GHK-Cu liposomes increased the proliferation rate (by 33.1%), with higher expression of VEGF, FGF-2, CDK4 and cyclin D1. In a murine scald burn model, liposome-encapsulated and free GHK-Cu were compared on vessel counts and on CD31 and Ki67 staining (endothelial and proliferation markers) in the burned skin, and the size of the scald area was followed over time; the direction and size of these endpoints are not summarized in this profile. The results refer to a specific liposomal formulation.

  • AnimalAnimal study· Mus musculus (C57BL/6) and RAW 264.7 macrophages

    Mouse LPS-induced acute lung damage model and RAW 264.7 macrophages: cytokines, oxidative stress and lung histology

    Park JR, Lee H, Kim SI, et al.Oncotarget2016PMID 27517151 (opens PubMed in a new tab)Title on PubMedDOI 10.18632/oncotarget.11168 (opens the publisher record in a new tab)

    Filed under GHK-Cu

    Model
    Murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung damage; complementary experiments in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages
    Exposure
    GHK-Cu vs LPS-only controls (mice and macrophage cultures)
    Comparator
    LPS-exposed animals and cultures without GHK-Cu

    In macrophages and in the murine model, GHK-Cu was associated with lower production of reactive oxygen species, higher superoxide dismutase activity and lower TNF-α and IL-6 production, with suppression of NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK signaling. Pulmonary histological changes and the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung parenchyma were also assessed in the mice; their direction is not summarized in this profile. The findings are limited to this acute murine model and a macrophage cell line and have not been examined in humans.

  • AnimalAnimal study· Rattus norvegicus (Sprague-Dawley)

    Rat ACL reconstruction model: knee laxity, graft stiffness, maximum load, gait and histology

    Fu SC, Cheuk YC, Chiu WY, et al.Journal of Orthopaedic Research2015PMID 25731775 (opens PubMed in a new tab)Title on PubMedDOI 10.1002/jor.22831 (opens the publisher record in a new tab)

    Filed under GHK-Cu

    Model
    Rat model of unilateral ACL reconstruction; randomization to saline or one of two GHK-Cu groups (24 animals per group)
    Sample size
    72
    Exposure
    GHK-Cu vs saline
    Comparator
    Saline

    Knee laxity (side-to-side difference), stiffness of the graft complex, maximum load, gait parameters and histology were compared between the GHK-Cu and saline groups at 6 and 12 weeks. Differences in knee laxity and, in one GHK-Cu group, in graft stiffness were seen at 6 weeks but not at 12 weeks, and there were no differences in maximum load, gait parameters or histological scores; the authors described the effect as transient and not lasting after exposure ended. The direction of the 6-week differences is not summarized in this profile.

  • AnimalAnimal study· Rattus norvegicus (Sprague-Dawley)

    Rat implanted-chamber model: composition of the tissue formed inside the chamber

    Maquart FX, Bellon G, Chaqour B, et al.Journal of Clinical Investigation1993PMID 8227353 (opens PubMed in a new tab)Title on PubMedDOI 10.1172/JCI116842 (opens the publisher record in a new tab)

    Filed under GHK-Cu

    Model
    Experimental chamber model (steel mesh cylinders implanted in rats)
    Exposure
    GHK-Cu vs saline or a control tripeptide
    Comparator
    Saline; control tripeptide L-glutamyl-L-histidyl-L-proline

    The tissue formed inside chambers exposed to GHK-Cu, saline or a control tripeptide was analyzed for dry weight, DNA, total protein, glycosaminoglycans (including the relative proportion of dermatan sulfate), type I and type III procollagen mRNA and TGF-β mRNA. The direction and size of these endpoints are not summarized in this profile.

For laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use or consumption. Not for diagnostic use. Not evaluated by the U.S. FDA.